CONJUNCTIVITIS (PINK EYE)

What is Conjunctiva?

The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye (sclera). It helps protect the eye by keeping the surface lubricated and preventing the entry of microorganisms.

What is Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)?

Conjunctivitis is the inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva. It occurs when the conjunctiva becomes irritated due to infection or allergies, causing the eyes to appear red and inflamed.

When the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become swollen, they become more visible, giving the eye a pink or red appearance.

Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes. It is usually mild, but sometimes it can lead to complications. It rarely affects vision.

Some types are highly contagious and spread easily, especially among children, though teens and adults can also be affected.

Causes of Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is mainly classified into three types based on its cause:

1. Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Caused by bacteria. It is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact, poor hygiene, or contaminated items.

2. Viral Conjunctivitis

Caused by viruses linked to colds, flu, or respiratory infections. It spreads easily through coughing and sneezing.

3. Allergic Conjunctivitis

Caused by allergic reactions to dust, smoke, pollen, cosmetics, or contact lenses. It is not contagious and is common in people with seasonal allergies.

In rare cases, conjunctivitis can also result from sexually transmitted infections, which require urgent treatment.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the cause but may include:

• Red eyes

• Gritty sensation

• Itching or burning

• Excess tearing

• Eye discharge

• Light sensitivity

• Puffy eyelids

Types and Treatment

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Often presents with thick yellow or green discharge.

Treatment:

• Antibiotic eye drops or ointment

• Usually improves within 1–2 weeks

• Oral antibiotics may be needed in severe cases

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

A serious bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns, usually acquired during birth. It requires urgent treatment.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Commonly causes watery discharge, redness, and light sensitivity. It is very contagious.

Treatment:

• No specific cure

• Usually resolves on its own

• Cold compress and lubrication drops help relieve symptoms

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Main symptom is intense itching along with redness, tearing, and swelling.

Treatment:

• Avoid allergens

• Anti-allergy eye drops

• Antihistamine medications if needed

How to Prevent the Spread of Pink Eye

To reduce transmission:

• Wash hands frequently

• Avoid touching your eyes

• Use clean towels and pillow covers

• Do not share personal items

• Stop using contact lenses temporarily

• Avoid swimming pools during infection